![]() Insomnia can be treated with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, individually or in combination. Guideline Recommendations for the Treatment of Insomnia 1-7 Older adults more often have difficulty maintaining sleep (wake time after sleep onset ), whereas younger adults report more difficulty falling asleep (sleep onset latency ). This article will discuss chronic insomnia primarily.Ĭhronic insomnia is associated with numerous adverse effects (AEs) on a person’s well-being, including fatigue, poor cognitive function, mood disturbance, and distress or interference with personal functioning. Insomnia can occur over either a short period of time (acute) or a longer period (chronic). Insomnia is pervasive in the United States and other Western societies. 1-5 It impairs daytime well-being and subjective abilities and functioning. Insomnia is a condition of unsatisfactory sleep in terms of sleep onset, sleep maintenance, or early waking. This article will review the available pharmacotherapeutic options for treating insomnia. However, several other agents are in later stages of development. To date, only suvorexant and lemborexant have been approved for the treatment of insomnia. ![]() More recently, orexin inhibitors have been introduced that may have fewer adverse effects, including the development of dependence. ![]() Benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine GABA-A receptor agonists are the traditional medications used to treat insomnia. When cognitive behavioral therapy is not enough, medications can help patients overcome the barriers and learned behaviors that prevent a good night’s sleep. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the core treatment for insomnia. Up to 10% of the US adult population will experience chronic insomnia, with women and elderly individuals at particularly high risk. ![]()
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